Mechanical pavior



K. WINKLER Feb. 21, 1933.

MECHANI CAL PAVIOR Filed Sept. 17, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 1" K WIYI Idler I 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 21, 1933. K, WKNKLER MECHANICAL PAVIOR Filed Sept. 17, 1930 Y Wan/4 M Feb. 21, 1933. K, w R 1,898,158

MECHANICAL PA'V-IOR Filed Sept. 17, 1950 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVQNTZ k 1933- K. WINKLER 1,398,158

MECHANICAL PAVIOR Filed Sept. 17, 1930 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 wol /iii v By: 441W Patented Feb. 21, 1933 PATENT". OFFICE KASPAR WINKLER, 0F ZURICH, SWITZERLAND MECHANICAL PAVIOR Application filed September 17, 1930, Serial No.

This invention relates to a machine for making roads of concrete and similar materials in which spreaders, rammers and rollers are used, which have hitherto not all been used in a single machine. The new feature of the invention consists in this, that the concrete, for instance in the condition of moist earth, is so operated on successively by implements of the following kind arranged in the machine thatit is lightly spread by a spreader (jigging rake), thereupon worked up by means of small kneaders which have a small surface, penetrate into the concrete mass, and are disposed in great number very closely together, thereupon firmly rammed by rammers of some length also having a small bottom surface and finally rolled to the required level of the road surface by means of a heavy following or finishing roller, the

" arrangement being such that all the working implements can be so put in motion by a driving mechanlsm mounted on the machine 1n a known manner, or by a road wheel or a drivp ing mechanism coupled with the latter, that every part of the road covering is operated on once or several times by the implement in question or that the strokes and blows entirely or partially overlap one another. Between the distributor or spreader and the kneaders a light preliminary roller can be interposed and in place of the light preliminary roller a light and broad preliminary rammer may be provided. After the final roller a smooth rail may be provided which may be adjustable and movable and in many cases replaces the final roller, so that the latter can be entirely omitted.

The rammers may be provided in a known manner with teeth which may be of different height, width and shape and in many casesv may have undercut gaps between them. The arrangement may also be such that each succeeding rammer and kneader is heavier than that preceding it. Both implements may be movedseparately or operated ointly by being mounted, for instance, in frames which are raised and lowered. The rammers and kneaders may also be spring-controlled and may be moved either upwards or downwards under spring pressure. They may for in- 482,556, and in Germany September 24, 1929.

stance be hit downwards by means of suitably shaped members such as fly-wheels or the like if they are held up by springs .or, conversely, hit up if they are held down by springs or by the action of gravity, so that under the action of the wheels which hit them down or up they will perform their impact work with greater efliciency. They may also be so arranged as to be capable-0f lateral motion.

For operating the impact'tools, force, impact or cam mechanisms, discs, eccentrics, shafts, chain wheels, chain drive mechanisms, or mechanisms operated by compressed air, steam, water-power, explosives and similar mechanisms may be used.

In the accompanying drawings several constructional examples of the invention are shown diagrammatically.

Fig. 1 is the side elevation of a road making machine with kneaders, rammers, and a finishing roller.

Fig. 2 is the rear elevation of the machin shown in Fig. 1 viewed in the direction of the arrow II.

Fig. 3 shows a cam lifting mechanism for a ramming device suspended from a frame.

' Figs. 4 and 5 are plan views showing the arrangement of kneaders and ramme'rs and the manner in which the kneaders and rammers are suspended and guided, in side elevation looking at the guide rail.

Fig. 6shows the transmission gear for a cam-operated lifting mechanism.

Figs. 7-16 show diagrammatically various mechanically operating cam lifting mechanisms for the kneaders and rammers.

Figs. 17 and 18 show operating mechanisms for the kneaders and rammers which are worked pneumatically, hydraulically, by explosion or by steam. I

In Figs. 19-21 devices are shown for widening and shortening the kneaders and rammers.

Fig. 22- is the side elevation of a machine with kneaders, rammers and final rolling means for a previously deposited road covering material.

Fig. 23 shows the sprung suspension and connection kneaders.

between several combined Fig. 24 shows the ground line of the rammers and kneaders for a curved road surface.

Fig. 25 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a mechanical pavior having an intermediate roller and small kneaders.

Fig. 26 shows one of the first rammers with relatively small teeth and gaps of less width than the teeth.

Fig. 27 a. second ra-mmer with larger teeth, the gaps also being somewhat smaller.

Fig. 28 shows a smooth rammer and Fig. 29 a substantially smooth rammer, but having its bottom surface profiled, which is placed at the end of the ramming arrangement.

Figs. 30 and 31 show rammers with loose teeth which are, for instance, spring-loaded at the top.

Figs. 32 and 33 show a ramming mechanism with lateral motion in side and end elevation. V I

F ig. 34 is an enlarged view of the mechanism producing the, lateral motion of the kneaders and rammers.

Fig. 35 is a side elevation of a kneading and ramming arrangement of a mechanical pavior in which the tools fall under gravity, while Fig. 36 shows the same arrangement in which, however, the tools are spring-controlled.

Fig. 37 shows an arrangement with kneaders mounted in a frame and Fig. 38 shows a kneading arrangement in which the separate kneaders are raised by a cam shaft, on the ends of which are particularly heavy fly-wheels.

The machine according to the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a frame 1, which is moved forwards in the direction of the arrow 4, with wheels 2 on rails or guides 3 which are laid on either side of the road to be made, during which motion the machine has finished the road covering at 5. On the frame 1 an explosion engine 6 is mounted which by means of its gearing 7, a pinion 8, a shaft 9 and a pinion 1O imparts a rotary motion to the road wheel axle 11, which through the wheels 2 causes the whole machine to move forward in the direction of the arrow 4. In a series of frames 1 towards the rear end of the machine and be hind the spreader 19 there are disposed two rows of kneaders 12 and two rows of rammers 13 lying one behind the other, to which the operative motion is imparted by an operative arrangement 14. At 15 a final roller 16 is journalled which, as may be seen in Fig. 2, at the same time forms the gutter 17 and the kerb 18. These parts may, however, be preliminarily formed by the kneaders 31 and the rammers 32.

The kneaders 12 and the rammers 13 may also be fixed to the frame 20, as shown in Fig. 3.

In the constructional form shown in Fig. 4 the kneaders l2 and the rammers 13 are suspended by springs 21 and 22 respectively from the supporting frame 20 and have their supporting members 23, 24 guided in an intermediate guide 25. Fig. 5 shows the kneaders in the longitudinal rows staggered with respect to one another.

In Fig. 6 a transmission gear in the driving mechanism is shown, in which from the road wheel 2 airotary motion transmitted by the shaft 28 is transmitted through bevel wheel gearing 26, 27 to the spur wheels 29, 30 in such a manner that the cam disc 31 raises the frames 20 by means of the cams 32 at a speed which is so much greater than the speed of the forward motion of the machine that each part of the concrete covering is operated on at least once or several times. When the wheel 2 is only of small diameter the speed of the kneaders and rammers becomes much greater as the machine when provided with small wheels will travel much more slowly with a much more rapid rotation of the wheels 27, 30 so that the kneaders and rammers will also be given a far more rapid motion as compared with the speed of travel of the machine.

Fig. 7 shows a cam disc 31 with cams 32 which have a gradual rise and suddenly release the stop member 33 of the rammer 13. The cam disc 31 in Fig. 8 acts with its cams 32," on an eccentrically pivoted lever 34 to which are suspended the kneaders and rammers 12, 13 and releases the end of the lever 34,35 also suddenly, owing to its fulcrum being eccentric. The same arrangement is shown in Fig. 9 with the difierence that the eccentric bearing 36 lies outside the centre of rotation of the disc 32 and that a separate cam arm 37 moves the end of the lever 34, 35 aside and releases it again. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 10 a crank disc 38 turns by means of rod work 39 a toothed segment 40, which, with the parts in the position shown in full lines, raises the lifting bar 41 of the kneaders and rammers 12, 13 or their frames or the rammer frame as soon as it reaches the position shown in broken lines, releasing it again when it has reached the top position shown in full lines. In Fig. 11 the several rammers 13 are supended to crank arms 42 and slots 43 allow them to drop suddenly. The crank-like suspension of the rammers 13 is retained in the constructional form shown in Fig. 12 with the difference that the fulcrums of the crank arms 42 are eccentric with respect to a cam disc 44 which with its cams 45 forces down the end 46 of each crank arm, releasing it at 47, so that the kneaders 12 and the rammers 13 drop again.

In Fig. 13 the lever 42 is raised by the cams 45 of the disc 44 being allowed to drop again when'the position shown in broken lines is reached, so that owing to the leverage only a small force is required for raising it. Fig. 14 shows a lever arm 42 of different shape, to which motion is also imparted by a cam mechanism.

Fig. 15 shows a crank lifting mechanism, in which through a crank drive 49 rotated by a bar 48 a crank shaft 51 is turned which, with a plurality of crank arms 52, raises and drops the frames 20 in rapid succession, a link rod transmitting the rotary motion of the (rank 49 to the shaft 51.

In Fig. 16 pins 45 are provided on a chain 54 which engage the stop 55 on the rammer rod 24 or on the frames 20, raising the rammers 13 and allowing them to drop again. The chain 54 is driven by a chain wheel 56. Instead of the kneaders or rammers or frames being driven mechanically, they may also, as shown in Fig. 17, be driven pneumatically, iydraulically or by steam or be operated by any explosives, for which purpose a suitable number of kneaders 12 are suspended by means of their suspension rod 23 from a frame 20 which is raised and allowed to drop by means of the piston rod 57 of a piston 58 working in a cylinder 59.

In Fig. 18 the bell crank 60, which raises and allows to drop the frame 20 suspended from it by means of springs 61, is rocked by a driving mechanism 59, which is operated by steam, air, water, explosives or the like and which engages the lever 60 by means of the bar 63 sliding in the guide 62, a spring 64 always seeking to return the lever 60 into its po sition of rest. The supporting members 23 of the kneaders 12 or of the rammers are in this arrangement guided in a movable guide 65 which is capable of sliding upwards and downwards in a guide 66, so that the apparatus is completely elastic. In order to adjust the tools of the machine, for instance the kneaders and rammers, to different widths of road, the frame, which for instance sup ports the kneaders 12, can be extended, as shown in Figs. 19 and 20, by one part 20 being slidable in the other part 20 in which it can be fixed or screwed, for instance by bolts 67 Another method of fixing is shown in Fig. 21. in which a bar 68 is slidable in a tubular part 69 in which it can be fixed by a screw 70 which engages in a longitudinal groove 71 in the bar 68.

In the construrtional form of the machine shown in Fig. 22 at the forward end of the frame 1 a distributor or jigging rake 19 is provided, which, onthe machine moving forward in the direction of the arrow 4, levels the concrete deposited on the foundation before the concrete is rammed and rolled. In this example the motor 6 is mounted on the rear end of the machine, and the ramming and kneading arrangement 12 and 13 is mounted in the middle between the sets of wheels 2, 2.

The motor works on the pinion 10 of the rear road wheel axle 11, transmitting the motion from here to all the various apparatus to which motion is to be imparted, in the same manner as in Fig. 1. The roller 16 is disposed immediately behind the rammers and kneaders 12, 13 and can be independently adjusted by means of a hand wheel mechanism 72. A similar adjusting. device for the rammers and kneaders 12, 13 is indicated at 73.

Fig. 23 shows an elastic arrangement of the kneaders and rammers through a multiple spring arrangement acting both laterally and vertically, for instance by means of lateral springs 7 5 and vertical springs 74, a number of springs being attached to a holder 23 and being capable of yielding individually.

In Fig. 24 a cambered road covering 5 is shown, (the camber being exaggerated) and the frame 20 which supports the kneaders or rammers 12, 13 is adapted to the curvature of the road surface, including the gutters 17 and the kerbs 18. V

In the constructional example shown in Fig. 25 there are disposed in the frame 1 of the machine at the front the jigging rake 19, which may also be placed obliquely as at 19",

behind it the preliminary roller 76, which may be of light construction, and behind the roller in the same sequence as-in the other example, the kneaders 12, the rammers 13 and the finishing roller 16, the arrangement being such that, on the whole machine moving forward, they act on the deposited con crete mass in such a manner that the jigging rake 19 first levels, distributes and smoothes the concrete mass, and the preliminary roller 76 slightly rolls in the mass which is still quite loose, without, however, rolling it down firmly, which would be undesirable and would produce a road covering which would last only a short time and would be liable to crack.

After this light preliminary rolling follows the already described operation by the kneaders 12 and the rammers 13, which, however, in the example under consideration are made very small, and ultimately the final rolling by means of the finishing roller 16. The ma chine is again driven by a prime mover 6 of any suitable kind. In place of the preliminary roller 76 the broad and light preliminary rammer 13 indicated in Fig. 25 in dot and dash lines may be substituted, being operated by any suitable gear 78. A smooth rail or the like 79 may be disposed in front of the roller 16, which is adjustable at 80 and may have a reciprocating motion imparted to it. For ordinary roads the smoothing rail 79 may replace the heavy final roller 16 which will make the machine cheaper.

In Fig. 26 it is assumed that the teeth 11 of the rammer 13 are about 6 cms. wide and 6 cms. high and that the gaps 82 are 45 cms. wide. The rammer 13a of Fig. 27 has teeth 81 which are 8 cms. wide and 6 ems. high,

some of the gaps 82 being undercut with gaps 82 which are 5 cms. wide and the rammer 13. in Fig. 28, as also the rammer 130 in Fig. 29, have a. substantially smooth working surface. In the case of rammer 130 it is, however, shown that the bottom of the rammer has a roughened surface 84 approximately in the form of nail heads or 85 in the form of a road surface pattern.

The gaps between the teeth of the toothed rams have the object that should road metal or stones become jammed in the gaps bet-ween the teeth, they will at the next blow fall out upwards, whereas they would otherwise remain jammed.

In the case of the rammer shown in Fig. 30 it is assumed that the teeth 81 are separate from the rammer 13 proper, which is in the form of a frame, and are guided by means of rods 24 in the frame 13. Above the frame 13 springs 86 are provided, which embrace the guiding rods24 of the rammer teeth 81 and are attached at the ends 87 of the rammer teeth guides so that the teeth 81 always work in opposition to the spring pressure when the rammer descends. Instead of each individual tooth having a spring, as in Fig. 30, common springs 86 may be provided, as shown in Fig. 31', in which case the rannner teeth guide 13 is. fixed to a common sliding guide piece 13. The rammer guide 24.- may also have lugs 88 on the outer sides, with which any periodically working lifting mechanism, for instance a cam chain 54 with cams 45 engages (as in Fig. 16). Finally in Fig. 30a constructional form is shown in which the teeth 82 are mounted pivotally.

It is to be understood that the dimensions given above for the teeth and gaps and the number of rammers shown are only given by way of example and may be suitably modified without in any way departing from the spirit of the invention.

If the final roller of the machine he omitted, more particularly in the case of these rammers, the last rammer may be made wider. The distances between the rammers may also increase from the front to the back.

In Fig. 32 the kneaders and the rammers 13 are mounted on the guide bars 23, 24; which are arranged to slide easily at the top and bottom in guides 89 and are suspended by relatively weak springs 90 from a top frame part 91 in such a manner that they can be moved downwards by a downward blow and hit'into the concrete layer 5 which is to be operated on. For hitting down the kneaders 12, wheels 93, which are rotatable about a shaft 92 which can be driven in any suitable manner from the motor or the engine itself, strike against the lugs of the front rows of kneaders or rammers 12 with internal cams 94 and against the lugs 97 of the rear row of kneaders or rammers 12 with outer cams 96. When the wheel 93 is turned in the direction of the arrow 98 (Fig. 32) the cams 94 strike the kneaders 12, owing to their being closer to the shaft 92, down with less force on the layer of concrete 5, while the cams 96 which are disposed further outwards on the outer rim of the wheel 93 owing to their more powerful swing impart a more violent downward blow to the kneaders 12 as will be seen from Fig. 32. The strength of the springs 90, from which the guide bars 23 of the kneaders are suspended, is made such that the kneaders 12,12 are drawn up again by spring action into their position of rest, when the cams 9 1, 96 of the impact wheel 93 have slipped off the lugs 95, 97, and also such that they do not offer an unnecessarily great opposition to the downward blow. As compared with the known spring-controlled devices, the new arrangement has considerable advantages.

In the constructional form shown in Fig. 34 the guide bars 23 of the kneaders 12, 12 are slidable in bearing members 89 in such a manner that they are firmly guided in the direction of travel of the machine while they can swing to and fro in the lateral direction. For producing the to and fro motion chains 5 1 running over chain wheels 54', 54" are provided, which carry pins 15 which, on striking against the guide bar 23, cause it to swing aside in the direction of the arrow 99. According to the size and position of the pins or the way in which the chain 54 runs, the amplitude of the swing can be made greater or smaller as is shown in dot and dash lines and the dash and double dot lines in Fig. 34. The upper chain wheel 54' is somewhat smaller in diameter than the lower one 54 in order to cause the pins 45 to disengage and engage in a better manner. The chain wheel mechanisms can be driven jointly from one shaft or each chain wheel mechanism by itself or in groups.

The chain drive shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 33 indicates by way of example how the arrangement according to Fig. 34 or some other device for producing the lateral motion can be mounted in the machine.

The kneaders 12 and 12 shown in Fig. 35 are arranged to slide upwards and downwards in fixed guides 89 but in this case no springs are provided and the kneaders fall normally under gravity together with th ir guide bars 23. Should the weight of the parts be insufficient in some cases separate auxiliary weights may be provided as shown in dot and dash lines in Fig. 35, which should be arranged so as to be capable of being slipped on, in order to vary the loading. As in the example shown in Figs. 32- fly-wheels 93 are fixed on a shaft 92 which with their inner cams 94 strike against stops or lugs 95 on the inner row of kneaders 12 and with cams 96 against corresponding stops 97 on the outer row of kneaders 12.

The direction of rotation of the fly-wheels 93 is however opposite to that in the other example, namely in the direction of the ar row 98, so that the cams 94 and 96 engage from belowagainst the stops 95, 97, suddenly raising the bars 23 by the kneaders 12, 12 attached to their lower ends, so that, after the cams 94 or 96 have slid oil. the lugs 95, 97, the kneaders will fall again with a certain impetus. Through thefly-wheel action the kneaders and kneader bars 23 can be raised more easily than when raised in the known manner by means of cams or the like and the gyratory mass of the wheels, when the latter are once put in motion, saves a considerable amount of driving power.

In Fig. 35 the kneaders are shown in a position in which the cam 94: on the fly-wheel 93 is just sliding off the lug 95, so that the kneader 12 would fall in the direction of the arrow 101, while the cam 96 of the flywheel 93 is just about to engage, whereupon after the topmost position has been reached, the cam 96 will slide off the lug 97 and allow the kneader 12 to fall.

The constructional form shown in Fig. 36 difiers from that shown in Fig. 35 only in this, that the downward motion of the kneaders 12, 12 is assisted by strong springs 103, 103'.

In the modification shown in Fig. 37 the arrangement is such that the guide bars 23 of the kneaders 12 slide loosely in a frame 20 and that their downward motion in the frame 20 is limited by upper stops 104, while the guide bars 23 of the frame 20 are arranged to slide in guides 105, and the frame, 20, 23, is raised by fly-wheels 93 which are mounted on a common shaft 92 extending right across the machine at the outer ends of the said shaft and are provided with cams 94: which engage with lugs 95 on the guide bars 23". The main shaft 92' is driven from a central motor 6 which with its shaft 106 imparts a rotary motion to the main shaft 92, through the gear 107 In Fig. 38 a constructional example of the arrangement is shown in whichon the main driving shaft 92 as many cams 108 and 109 are mounted in a known manner as there are kneaders 12 and 12 in each row, so that each kneader is raised by a separate cam. At the ends of the main shaft 92, special heavy fly-wheels 93 are mounted, the weight and diameter of which are made such that the variation in the power consumption of the driving shaft 92, due to the kneaders being lifted at different times, is compensated without the motor being overloaded. Owing to the great number of tools which load the working shaft 92 at different times, the employment of such a compensating element which is known per se, but is new as applied to mechanical paviors with a number of separate tools, is of great imhitherto been operated on either only by a spreader and rammers or by rammers and rollers and which was not very durable owing to being insuficiently operated on and tended to crack after a short time, is worked up very carefully and repeatedly, and operated. on in various planes,.so that all air bubbles are driven out of the moist mass and a very dense texture is given it, which firmly embraces the road metal and combines intimately with the surfaces of the latter, whereby the formation of cracks in the finished road covering is prevented.

What I claim is:

1. A machine for making roads of concrete and the like, comprising in combina tion a movable supporting frame, means on said supporting frame for tipping and lightly spreading concrete in a moist condition, kneading means comprising a great number of small kneaders having a small surface capable of penetrating the concrete mass, said kneaders being arranged close together on the frame behind the tipping and spreading means so as to act on the lightly spread con crete, a plurality of long rammers arranged on the frame behind said kneaders, having a small bottom surface for firmly ramming the concrete subsequent to the action thereon of the kneaders, and at least one heavy finishing member arranged behind said rammers for compressing the concrete to the required level of the road surface.

2. A machine for making roads of concrete and the like as set forth in claim 1, in which the finishing member consists of a roller.

3. A machine for making roads of concrete and the like, comprising in combination a movable supporting frame, means on said supporting frame for tipping and lightly spreading concrete in a moist condition, kneading means comprising a great number of small kneaders having a small surface capable of penetrating the concrete mass, said kneaders being arranged close together on,

mers for compressing the concrete to the required level of the road surface, consisting of a smoothing rail which is vertically adjustable and adapted to produce a roughening of the road surface by having a suit-- able profile and having a transverse motion imparted to it. g

4. A machine for making roads of concrete and the like as set forth in claim 1, having both a roller and a smoothing rail as finishing members.

5. A machine for making roads of concrete and the like as set forth in claim 1, having operating means for the spreading, kneading and ramming means, a driving motor and transmission gearing connected to said driving motor and operating means and arranged so as to operate the spreading, kneading and ramming means at a speed relative to the speed of travel of the machine such that every part of the road covering is operated on by the spreading, kneading and ramming means a plurality of times.

6. A machine as set forth in claim 3 in which the kneaders are arranged in a plurality of rows in staggered relation to one another both in longitudinal and transverse rows.

7. A machineas set forth in claim 3 having a common supporting frame for the kneaders and a common supporting frame for the rammer, and lifting means for said frames.

8. A machine as set forth in claim 3 in which the kneaders, rammer and roller are adjustable in width.

9. A machine as set forth in claim 3 having the rammer and roller adapted to receive intermediate pieces for widening them and having the kneaders arranged so as to enable intermediate kneaders to be inserted.

10. A machine as set forth in claim 1, having a shaft rotatably mounted on the frame, a cam disc on said shaft having a plurality of cams thereon and means for raising and lowering said kneaders and lifters, including a. cylinder adapted to receive motive fluid, a piston movable therein and actuating means connected to said piston and to the kneaders and rammers for transmitting the motion of the piston to the kneaders and rammers.

11. A machine as set forth in claim 1, having a shaft rotatably mounted on the frame, a cam disc on said shaft having a plurality of cams thereon and means including eccentrically pivotedlevers operatively connected to the kneaders and rammers and engageable by'said cams for'raising and subsequently suddenly releasing the kneaders and rammers.

I 12. A machine as set forth in claim 1, having a crank disc rotatable on the frame, a toothed segment, means connected to said crank disc and toothed segment for actuating the latter from the former, a toothed bar connected to the rammers and in engagement with said toothed rack as and for the purposes set forth.

13. A machine as set forth in claim 1 having a plurality of crank arms, rotatable supporting means therefor mounted on the frames and means connected to the rammers for suspending the latter from said crank arms.

14. A machine as set forth in claim 1 having elastic suspension means for the kneaders and rammers.

15. A machine as set forth in claim 1 havingsuspension means for the kneaders and rammers, supporting bars connected to said suspension means and having a plurality of kneaders and rammers united thereon and elastic supporting means connected to said supporting bars for yieldingly connecting said bars together, for the purpose set forth.

16. A machine as set forth in claim 1, having a light preliminary roller disposed between the spreading means and the kneaders.

17. A machine as set forth in claim 1, having a light broad plank interposed between the spreading means and the kneaders and rammers so as to act as a preliminary rammer.

18. A machine as set forth in claim 1, having teeth on the rammers, said teeth being of different shape on different rammers.

19. A machine as set forth in claim 1, having teeth on the rammers, said teeth being of different height on different rammers.

20. A machine as set forth in claim 1, and having teeth on the rammers with the teeth of one rammer offset with respect to the teeth of the rammer following it and the teeth of successive rammers wider than those of the preceding rammers inthe direction of travel of the machine, the last rammer having a substantially smooth bottom surface. a

21. A machine as set forth in claim 1 having undercut teeth on the rammers, as and for the purposes set forth.

22. A machine as set forth in claim 1 having teeth guided on the rammers so as to be movable thereon and springs operatively connected to said teeth, as and for the purposes l set forth.

23. A machine as set forth in claim 1, having guiding frames for the kneaders and rammers for guiding the latter loosely, for the purposes set forth.

24. A machine as set forth in claim 1, having actuating means for the kneaders and rammers, including a single shaft having cams thereon for raising all the kneaders and rammers, said shaft having a heavy flywheel thereon, a motor disposed in the middle of the machine and transmission gearing connected to the motor and said shaft for rotating the latter.

In testimony whereof, I hereunto set my hand this 27th day of August, 1930.

- KASPAR VVINKLER. 

